Main Events: 1864 - 1865

Notes:
1. Only summaries of significant battles are described below.   Details of these engagements and other military events are located at Events in the States, reached from this page and from Battles.
2. Full names and ranks of army officers are provided by Webb.

January 19, 1864.   Little Rock, AR:   A pro-Union Constitutional Convention adopts an anti-slavery measure.   This constitution will be approved in a referendum on March 18. ^{Long 456}

January 22, 1864.   Little Rock, AR: Isaac Murphy is inaugurated provisional governor in the pro-Union government of Arkansas.   Administration is left to Maj. Gen. Frederick Steele until the new government is established. ^{Long 457}

January 23, 1864.   Washington:   Pres. Lincoln approves a policy whereby plantation owners can free their slaves and rehire them under fair contracts to work the land. ^{Long 457}

February 1, 1864.   Washington:   Acting under the Federal Conscription Act, Pres. Lincoln orders 500,000 troops be drafted on March 10 to serve 3 years or the duration of the war. ^{Long 459}

February 6, 1864.   Richmond:   The Confederate Congress approved acts banning the importation of luxuries and the circulation of U.S. paper currency.   It also declared that the government receive half of all exports of cotton, tobacco, sugar, molasses, rice, and naval stores. ^Long

February 14 - 20, 1864.   Meridian, MS:   With little opposition from retreating Confederate troops under Lt. Gen. Leonidas Polk, 10,000 Union troops under Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman capture and then destroy railroads, locomotives, depots, warehouses, office buildings, hotels, and hospitals.   In the words of Sherman, "Meridian ... no longer exists." ^{Long 484}

February 17, 1864.

Charleston, SC:   In the harbor, the Confederate semi-submersible submarine, C.S.S. H. L. Hunley after many experiments that killed at least 33 people, sinks the Union sloop, U.S.S. Housatonic , using a mine ("torpedo") at the end of a spar attached to the prow.   Lt. George E. Dixon and the Hunley's crew of 5 are drowned, and all the crew of the Housatonic are saved except for 5.   Better submarines will have to wait for World War I, but the submarine concept is significant in naval warfare.

Richmond:   The Confederate Congress suspends the privilege of the write of habeus corpus to reduce the resistance to conscription and other disloyal activities. ^{Long 465}

February 20, 1864.   Olustee, FL: (Silver Lake, Ocean Pond)   In February, the commander of the Department of the South, Maj. Gen. Quincy Adams Gillmore, launched an expedition into Florida to secure Union enclaves, sever Confederate supply routes, and recruit black soldiers.   Brig. Gen. Truman Seymour moved deep into the state, occupying, destroying, and liberating, so far meeting little resistance.   However, on February 20, he approached Brig. Gen. Joseph Finegan's 5,000 entrenched Confederates.   The Union forces attacked but were repulsed.   Eventually, the Union line broke and retreated.   Gen. Finegan did not exploit the retreat, allowing most of the fleeing Union forces to reach Jacksonville.   Union losses are 198 killed, 460 missing.   Confederate losses are 940 killed and wounded. ^{ACW n.p.}

February 22, 1864.

Louisiana:   Qualified votes elect Michael Hahn governor of the restore Union government under Union military administration.

Washington:   The Pomeroy Circular, signed by Kansas Sen. Samuel C. Pomeroy and endorsed by radical members and abolitionist members of the Republican Party who oppose Lincoln's mild policies against the south, advocates nominating Sec. of Treasury, Samuel P. Chase instead of Pres. Lincoln as presidential nominee in the coming election.   The document becomes public and embarrasses Sec. Chase who on March 5 disclaims intent to become the nominee and resigns on June 30.   The circular ends the political career of Chase, but he will replace deceased Supreme Court Roger Taney after stumping for Lincoln in the upcoming election. ^{Long 467}

February 26, 1864.   Washington:   Pres. Lincoln orders that punishment for desertion be commuted to imprisonment rather than death. ^{Long 469}

February 27, 1864.   Andersonville, GA:   Union prisoners begin arriving at the nearly completed prison camp near Americus, GA, officially named Camp Sumter, but infamously known as Andersonville.   It will be the notorious scene noted for disease, exposure and malnutrition, where 13,000 died of the 45,000 troops confined there during its 14 months existence.   Its commander, Henry Wirtz, will be the only southerner executed after the war.

March 2, 1864.   Washington:   Maj. Gen. U. S. Grant is promoted to the newly-created rank of Lt. Gen.   On March 17, he will assume command of all the armies of the Union.   Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman will assume Grant's command in the west. ^{Long 471,473}

March 14, 1864.   Washington:   Pres. Lincoln issues a draft order for 200,000 sailors. ^{Long 475}

April 8, 1864.

Sabine Crossroads, LA: (Mansfield, Pleasant Grove)   Union forces under Maj. Gen. Nathaniel Prentiss Banks move northward along a road far from the left bank of the Red River toward Shreveport, the Confederate western headquarters.   Union gunboats supporting the advance are too far from the troops and encounter low water, so they are useless.   Union troops from Little Rock under Maj. Gen. Frederick Steele are supposed to meet and support them, but are stopped by lack of food, ammunition, and Confederate resistance.   Confederate troops under Maj. Gen. Richard Taylor form a defensive position at this crossroads.   A Union attack is repulsed and Union troops retreat to Pleasant Hill during the night.   Of 12,000 Union troops, losses are 113 killed, 581 wounded, 1,541 missing and captured.   Of 8,800 Confederate troops, 1,000 killed and wounded. Washington: The U.S. Senate approves the 13th Amendment to the Constitution. ^{Long 482}

April 9, 1864.   Pleasant Hill, LA:   Confederate troops unsuccessfully attack Union troops in defensive positions and then retreat.   Union losses are 150 killed, 844 wounded, 375 missing.   Confederate losses are 1,200 killed and wounded, 426 missing.   Union forces retreat to Grand Encore and then to Alexandria to end the Red River campaign. ^{Long 483}

April 11, 1864.   Little Rock, AR:   A pro-Union government is inaugurated with Dr. Isaac Murphy as governor.   At this time, Arkansas and Louisiana are in part restored to the Union.   In Alexandria, VA, under Union control, pro-Union Virginians in a convention adopt an anti-slavery constitution.   F. H. Pierpoint heads this government representing a small number of Virginians. ^{Long 484}

April 12, 1864.   Fort Pillow, TN:   The Confederate cavalry under Maj. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest attack and capture this fort held by 557 Union troops, including 262 colored troops, and commanded by Maj. William F. Bradford.   Union losses are 231 killed, 100 wounded, 226 captured or missing.   Confederate losses are 14 killed, 86 wounded.   Confederates are accused of killing troops after the surrender.   Thereafter, the Fort Pillow "massacre" becomes a rallying cry in the north, but a committe investigation after the war is inconclusive. ^{Long 484}

April 15 - 16, 1864.

Camden, AR:   Union troops under Maj. Gen. Frederick Steele from Little Rock attempt to join troops heading for the abortive campaign on Shrevesport, LA, but meet Confederate resistance under Maj. Gen. Sterling Price.   They are attacked at Liberty Post Office and retreat through and beyond Camden, thus ending their expedition.   Union losses are 255 killed and wounded.   Confederate losses are unknown.

Washington: A Union report shows that 146,634 Confederate soldiers were captured since the beginning of the war. ^{Long 486}

April 17 - 20, 1864.   Plymouth, NC:   Confederate troops under Brig. Gen. Robert Henry Hoke with assistance from the ram, C.S.S. Arbermarle, attack the Union garrison under Col. Henry W. Wessells.   The garrison surrenders, while the U.S.S. Smithfield is sunk and the U.S.S. Miami is damaged.   Considerable supplies are captured.   Union losses are 20 killed, 80 wounded, 1,200 captured and missing.   Confederate losses are 500 killed, wounded, and missing.   The capture is a much-needed morale booster for southerners along the Atlantic coast. ^{ACW n.p.}

April 18, 1864.   Poison Spring, AR:   Union troops under Col. James M. Williams foraging for a Confederate corn are attacked by Confederate troops under Brig. Gens. John Sappington Marmaduke and Samuel Bell Maxey.   The 198 wagons and the corn are captured while the Union troops retreat to Camden.   Union losses are 301 killed, wounded, and missing.   Confederate losses are 16 killed, 88 wounded, 10 missing. ^{ACW n.p.}

April 22 - 24, 1864.   Monette's Ferry LA: (Crane River Crossing, Cloutersville)   An advance force of Union troops under Brig. Gen. William Hemsley Emory who lead the army of Maj. Gen. Nathaniel Prentiss Banks retreating toward Alexandria are stopped by Confederate cavalry under Brig. Gen. Hamilton Prioleau Bee who attempts to stop the river crossing.   However, Union troops attack Bee who retreats, allowing the Union troops to cross the river.   Union losses are 350 killed and wounded.   Confederate losses are 400 killed and wounded. ^{ACW n.p.}

April 25, 1864.   Marks' Mills, AR:   A Union force escorted 240 wagons from Camden to Pine Bluff to pick up supplies for the Union army at Camden under Maj. Gen. Frederick Steele.   They are attacked by Confederates under Lt. Gen. Edmund Kirby Smith who capture many of the Federals and all of the wagons.   Union losses are 100 killed, 250 wounded, 1,100 captured.   Confederate losses are 41 killed, 108 wounded, 44 missing. ^{ACW n.p.}

April 30, 1864.   Jenkins' Ferry, Sabine River, AR:   The Union army under Maj. Gen. Frederick Steele retreats from Camden and is challenged at the crossing by Confederates under Lt. Gen. Edmund Kirby Smith and Maj. Gen. Sterling Price.   After much fighting, the Union army is able to cross the swollen river on its way to Little Rock with lost supplies.   Union losses are 200 killed, 955 wounded.   Confederate losses are 86 killed, 356 wounded. ^{ACW n.p.+}

May 5 - 7, 1864.   Wilderness, VA:   100,000 Union troops under Lt. Gen. U. S. Grant engage 60,000 Confederate troops under Gen. R. E. Lee in a drive against Richmond, but the attacks and counterattacks are inconclusive, although bloody.   Union losses are 2,246 killed, 12,137 wounded, 3,383 missing.   Confederate losses are 2,000 killed, 6,000 wounded, 3,400 missing. ^{Long 492-495}

May 5 - 9, 1864.   Rocky Face Ridge, GA: (Including Tunnel Hill, Mill Creek Gap, Buzzard's Roost, Dug Gap)   Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman's armies begin their march through Georgia, occupied by a Confederate army under Gen. J. E. Johnston.   Confederates eventually retreat after being flanked.   Union losses are 200 killed, 637 wounded.   Confederate losses are 600 killed and wounded.   Confederates withdraw toward Atlanta. ^{Long 495-500}

May 8 - 21, 1864.   Spotsyvania, VA:   110,000 Union troops under Lt. Gen. U. S. Grant engage 50,000 Confederate troops under Gen. R. E. Lee in a series of inconclusive, but bloody, battles.   Union losses are 2,725 killed, 18,416 wounded, 2,258.   Confederate losses are 1,000 killed, 5,000 wounded, 3,000 missing.   The Union army withdraws. ^{Long 498-505}

May 12 - 16, 1864.   Fort Darling & Drewry's Bluff, VA:   Union Army of the James under Maj. Gen. Benjamin Franklin Butler inconclusively engage a Confederate army under Gen. P. G. T. Beauregard.   Union losses are 390 killed, 2,380 wounded, 1,390 missing out of 16,000.   Confederate losses are 400 killed, 2,000 wounded, 100 missing missing out of 18,000. ^{Long 503}

May 13 - 16, 1864.   Resaca, GA:   The Confederate army under Gen. Joseph Eggleston Johnston is attacked by Union armies under Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman and are forced to retreat across the Oostenaula River and toward Atlanta.   Union losses are 600 killed, 2,147 wounded.   Confederate losses are 300 killed, 1,500 wounded, 1,000 missing. ^{Long 502}

May 15, 1864.   New Market, VA:   A Union force of 5,500 under Maj. Gen. Franz Sigel defensively posted along the Valley Pike near the north fork of the Shenandoah Valley was attacked by a Confederate force of 5,000 under Maj. Gen. John Cabell Breckinridge, which included a contingent of 247 VMI students.   Sigel's force retreats to Strasburg to relieve pressure on the valley.   Union losses are 93 killed, 482 wounded, 256 missing.   Confederate losses are 42 killed, 522 wounded.   Among the Confederate casualties are 10 VMI students killed and 47 wounded, who are celebrated every year thereafter at the military academy. ^{Long 502}

May 20, 1864.   Ware Bottom Church, VA: (Bermuda Hundred)   Confederate forces under Gen. P. T. G. Beauregard attack Union forces under Maj. Gen. Benjamin Franklin Butler and establish a strong defensive line that Union troops cannot penetrate.   As a result, Beauregard is able to furnish reinforcements to Gen. R. E. Lee for the battle at Cold Harbor.   Union losses are 702 killed and wounded.   Confederate losses are 700 killed, wounded and missing. ^{ACW n.p.}

May 23 - 28, 1864.   North Ana River, VA:   In a series of battles between the armies of Lt. Gen. U. S. Grant and Gen. R. E. Lee are indecisive.   Union losses are 186 killed, 942 wounded, 165 missing.   Confederate losses are 2,000 killed and wounded. ^{Long 507-509}

May 25 - June 4, 1864.   Gen. New Hope Church, GA: (Dallas, Alatoona Hills)   Confederate armies under Gen. Joseph Eggleston Johnston battle Union armies under Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman with undecisive results.   Union losses are 2,400 killed, wounded, and missing.   Confederate losses are 369 killed, 1921 wounded. ^{Long 508}

June 1 - 12, 1864.   Cold Harbor, VA: (Including Gaines' Mill, Salem Church, Hawes' Shop)   Union armies uner Lt. Gen. U. S. Grant fail in their attempt to dislodge entrenched Confederate troops.   Union losses are 1,844 killed, 9,077 wounded, 1,816 missing.   Confederate losses are 1,200 killed and wounded, 500 missing. ^{Long 512-515}

June 5, 1864.   Piedmont, WV:   Conferate troops under Brig. Gen.William Edmondson Jones fail in their attempt to stop Shenandoah Valley depredations by the Union force under Maj. Gen. David Hunter.   Confederates retreat and Hunter moves on to Staunton to continue his destruction.   Union losses are 130 killed, 650 wounded.   Confederate losses are 460 killed, 1,450 wounded, 1,060 missing. ^{Long 516}

June 8, 1864.   Baltimore, MD:   The National Union Party, representing most Republicans and War Democrats, nominates Pres. Lincoln for a second term as president.   Andrew Johnson, military governor of Tennessee, is nominated for vice-president over incumbent Hannibal Hamlin. ^Long

June 9 - 30, 1864.   Kenesaw Mountain, GA: (Marietta, Big Shanty)   In a series of attacks, Union troops under Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman are unable to dislodge Confederates under Gen. J. E. Johnston.   However, Johnston will retreat from the mountain on July 2. Union losses are 1,370 killed, 6,500 wounded, 800 missing.   Confederate losses are 468 killed, 3,480 wounded and missing.   ^{Long 529}

June 10, 1864.

Brice's Crossroads, MS: (Guntown, Tishomingo Creek)   Union cavalry from Memphis under Brig. Gen. Samuel Davis Sturgis meet Confederate cavalry under Maj. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest.   The Confederates rout the Federals, exhausted by the long march and hot weather, who retreat to Memphis.   Forrest wins most of the artillery, 176 supply wagons and 1,500 prisoners.   Union losses are 223 killed, 394 wounded, 123 missing.   Confederate losses are 96 killed, 396 wounded.

Richmond:   The Confederate Congress authorized military service for men between the ages of 17 to 18 and 45 to 50. ^{Long 519}

June 10, 1864.   Cynthiana, KT:   Confederate cavalry under Brig. Gen. John Hunt Morgan defeat Union cavalry under Brig. Gen. Stephen Gano Burbridge.   Union losses are 21 killed, 71 wounded, 980 captured.   Confederate losses are unknown. ^{Long 519}

June 11 - 12, 1864.

Cynthiana, KT:   Union cavalry under Brig. Gen. Stephen Gano Burbridge defeat Confederate cavalry under Brig. Gen. John Hunt Morgan, who had been raiding throughout Kentucky.   Union losses are 150 killed and wounded.   Confederate losses are 300 killed and wounded, 400 captured. ^{Long 519}

Trevilian Station, VA:   Union cavalry under Maj. Gen. Philip Henry Sheridan defeat Confederate cavalry under Maj. Gen. Wade Hampton, but continue to be blocked by Confederates from joining Maj. Gen. Hunter's campaign of destruction in the Shenandoah Valley.   Union losses are 102 killed, 470 wounded, 435 missing.   Confederate losses are 59 killed, 258 wounded, 295 missing. ^{Long 520}

June 14, 1864.   Richmond:   The Confederate Congress increases taxes on income and property. ^{Long 522}

June 15 - 19, 1864.   Petersburg, VA:   110,000 Union troops under Lt. Gen. U. S. Grant attempt to capture Petersburg near Richmond in a series of assaults against 50,000 Confederate defenders under Gen. R. E. Lee, but fail.   Grant is now convinced that a siege and capture of roads and railroads into the city will bring success.   It wil last until the city's faill on April 2, 1865.   Union losses are 1,688 killed, 8,513 wounded, 1,185 missing.   Confederate losses are 5,000 killed, wounded and missing. ^{Long 522-525}

June 17 - 18, 1864.   Lynchburg, VA: Union forces under Maj. Gen. David Hunter advance from Lexington to capture rail and canal depots, but they are thwarted by Confederate troops under Lt. Gen. Jubal Anderson Early who are on their way to poorly defended Washington in an attempt to relieve beleaguered Richmond.   Union retreat to West Virginia and open the Shenandoah Valley for another Confederate advance into Maryland.   Union losses are 100 killed, 500 wounded, 100 missing.   Confederate losses are 200 killed and wounded. ^{ACW n.p.}

June 19, 1864.   Cherbourg, France:   The U.S. Navy had for months sought the feared Confederate raider, C.S.S. Alabama under Captain (later, Rear Admiral) Raphael Semmes.   Semmes, who had captured 82 Union merchantmen, 65 as Alabama comander, is forced to take his ship into the French harbor for refitting on June 11.   As he waited for permission for overhaul, the U.S.S. Kearsarge under Captain John A. Winslow appeared, forcing Alabama to leave the harbor and defend itself outside the 3-mile limit.   After circling each other and firing broadsides, the Alabama was severely damaged and withdrew to shore to surrender.   The British yacht, Deerhound, that had watched the battle, took on some survivors, including Semmes, an act that caused dissension between Great Britain and the U.S.   Superior gunnery is credited with the Union victory in the greatest ship-to-ship combat of the war.   Union losses are 3 wounded.   Confederate losses are 9 killed, 21 wounded, 10 drowned, 70 captured. ^{Long 525-526}

June 22 - 23, 1864.   Weldon Railroad, VA: (Williams' Farm, Jerusalem Plank Road)   Union troops under Lt. Gen. U. S. Grant extend siege lines west and north of Petersburg and begin destroying tracks of this railroad that is a major supply line into Petersburg.   They are attacked by Confederate troops under Brig. Gen. William Mahone who force the Federals back to Jerusalem Plank Road.   Although, the Union corps continue to extend their siege lines west of Petersburg.   Union losses are142 killed, 654 wounded, 1,700 captured, 466 missing.   Confederate losses are about 1,000. ^{ACW n.p.}

July 1 - 23, 1864.   Petersburg, VA:   A series of battles between Union and Confederate forces results in Union losses of 853 killed, 3,468 wounded, and 1,558 missing.   Confederate losses are unknown.

July 2, 1864.   Washington:   Pres. Lincoln signs the bill granting public land in the Pacific Northwest to Puget Sound for railroad and telegraph lines.   He also charters the Northern Pacific Railroad. ^{Long 532}

July 3, 1864.   Harper's Ferry, WV:   Near this armory, Confederate troops under Lt. Gen. Jubal Anderson Early drive Union troops under Maj. Gen. Franz Sigel across the Potomac River, but find the city too strongly defended for capture.   This invasion causes Pres. Lincoln to call for 24,000 Pennsylvania and New York.   Early will cross the river into Maryland on July 5 to fight several small battles with Union troops through July 8. ^{Long 531 - 535}

July 9, 1864.   Monocacy, MD:   10,000 Confederate troops under Lt. Gen. Jubal Anderson Early defeat 6,000 Union troops under Maj. Gen. Lewis Wallace and continue their march on Washington, which the Confederates knew was poorly defended, since Lt. Gen. Grant had drawn off troops for his advance on Richmond.   Only 9,000 troops from an earlier 23,000 troops defended the city.   Union losses are 98 killed, 594 wounded, 1,189 missing.   Confederate losses are unknown. ^{Long 535-536}

July 11 - 12, 1864.   Fort Stevens, Silver Spring, MD:   Lt. Gen. Early's Confederates battle Union troops, but he decides that invading Washington is too risky and withdraws at night to the Potomac River at White's Ford.   Early is pursued by 15,000 Union troops under Maj. Gen. Horatio Gouverneur Wright on July 13.   Early enters Leesburg, Virginia on July 14.   There will be more battles between the 2 armies in July.   Union losses are 280 killed, 319 wounded.   Confederate losses are unknown. ^{Long 537-538}

July 18, 1864.   Washington:   Pres. Lincoln issues a call for 500,000 volunteers. ^{Long 541}

July 20, 1864.   Peach Tree Creek, GA:   The Federal Army of the Cumberland, 20,000 in number, under Brig. Gen. George Henry Thomas are unsuccessfully attacked by an equal number of Confederate troops under Gen. John Bell Hood in an attempt to dislodge the Union armies converging on Atlanta.   Union losses are 300 killed, 1,410 wounded.   Confederate losses are 1,113 killed, 2,500 wounded, 1,183 missing. ^{Long 542}

July 22, 1864.   Atlanta, GA:   Confederate forces under Gen. John Bell Hood again unsuccessfully attack Union forces under Maj. Gen. James Birdseye McPherson in another attempt to dislodge the Union armies moving against Atlanta.   Out of 30,000 troops engaged, Union losses are 500 killed, 2,141 wounded, 1,000 missing.   Out of 40,000 engaged, Confederate losses are 2,482 killed, 4,000 wounded, 2,017 missing. ^{Long 543-544}

July 23, 1864.   New Orleans, LA:   At Liberty Hall (formerly, Lyceum Hall, where in 1861, Louisiana voted to secede), the Louisiana Constitutional Convention adopts a constitution that ends slavery, one of several steps required to restore Louisiana to the Union, .   It limits suffrage to white males over 21 years old, with a proviso that is can be extended to include other groups (presumably, freed slaves).   It will be ratified on Sep. 5 by those taking the loyalty oath. ^{Long 545}

July 24, 1864.   Kernstown, VA:   The Confederate army under Lt. Gen. Jubal Anderson Early defeat a Union corps under Brig. Gen. George Crook, who retreats to Harpers Ferry. Union losses are 1,200 killed and wounded.   Confederate losses are 600 killed and wounded. ^{Long 545}

July 28, 1864.   Ezra Church, GA:   In a further attempt to relieve Atlanta, Confederate forces under Gen. John Bell Hood unsuccessfully attack a Union force under Maj. Gen. Oliver Otis Howard.   Union losses are 100 killed, 600 wounded.   Confederate losses are 642 killed, 3,000 wounded, 1,000 missing. ^{Long 547}

July 28 - Sep. 2, 1864.   Atlanta, GA:   In a series of attacks and counterattacks, Union and Confederate casualties are estimated at 40,000 on each side. ^{Miller 328}

August 1 - 31, 1864.   Petersburg, VA:   In a series of attacks and counterattacks, Union losses are 158 killed, 623 wounded, 296 missing.   Confederate losses are unknown. ^{Miller 328}

August 5, 1864.   Mobile Bay, AL:   The Union fleet of 18 ships, including 4 monitors, pass Fort Gaines on the west end of the bay and Fort Morgan on the east to engage 3 small gunboats and the formidable ironclad, C.S.S. Tennessee.   Only a narrow channel into the bay is free of mines ("torpedoes") and obstructions.   The U.S.S. Tecumseh strikes a mine and sinks.   Three Union monitors ram the Tennessee and open fire on her, which cause the Tennessee to lose control and surrender.   The U.S.S. Philippi is destroyed, while the C.S.S. Selma surrenders and the C.S.S. Gaines is sunk.   The bay is closed as a Confederate port while Union troops invest Fort Gaines.   Union losses are 145 killed, including 93 drowned on Tecumseh, 170 wounded, 4 captured.   Confederate losses are 12 killed, 20 wounded, 270 captured. ^{Long 551-552}

August 7, 1864.   Fort Gaines, Mobile Bay, AL:   The fort surrenders to Union forces, but this is overruled by superior officers.   However, it finally surrenders for good on the following day.   Fort Morgan remains in Confederate hands while Union troops invest it beginning on August 9. ^{Long 553}

August 14 - 18, 1864.   Strawberry Plains, VA:   Near Petersburg, Union forces battle Confederate forces with no appreciate gain by either side.   Union losses are 327 killed, 1,855 wounded, 1,400 missing.   Confederate estimated losses are 1,000 killed, wounded, and missing. ^{Miller 328}

August 18 - 21, 1864.   Weldon Station, VA: (Six-Mile House)   The Union Fifth Corps under Maj. Gen. Gouverneur Kemble Warren leaves the Petersburg lines to move west of the Union siege positions to occupy over a mile of the vital Weldon Railroad running south from Petersburg.   As they move north toward Petersburg, they are confronted by Confederate troops under Maj. Gen. Henry Heth on the 18th and give battle.   On the following day, Confederates under Lt. Gen. Ambrose Powell Hill join the battle to hurl the Union troops back to the Weldon Railroad.     On the 21th, Confederates attempt unsuccessfully to disloldge the Federals from the railroad, which is lost to Petersburg and Richmond.   Union losses are 1,227 killed and wounded, 2,810 missing.   Confederate losses are unknown. ^{Long 557-558}

August 23, 1864.   Mobile, AL:   Surrounded since August 17, Fort Morgan surrenders to the Federals, who now control the port, but not the city.   Wilmington, NC, is now the only remaining Confederate port partially open to blockade runners. ^{Long 559}

August 25, 1864.   Reams' Station, VA:   Confederates under Lt. Gen. Ambrose Powell Hill attack Union troops under Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock, but then withdraw to their Petersburg defensive line.   Union losses are 140 killed, 529 wounded, 2,073 missing.   Confederate losses are 720 killed and wounded. ^{Long 560}

August 30 - 31, 1864.   Chicago, IL:   At its convention, the Democratic Party adopts a platform that is less militaristic than the Republican administration under Pres. Lincoln.   It advocates a peaceful way to end the war.   Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan is nominated as its candidate for the Presidency.   George B. Pendleton is nominated for Vice-President. ^{Long 563}

August 31 - September 1, 1864.   Jonesboro, GA:   Confederate forces under Gen. John Bell Hood battle the Union army under Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman as they unsuccessfully defend Atlanta while the major part of the Confederate army retreats to Lovejoy Station, southeast of Atlanta, after destroying much equipment, munitions, and supplies.   Union losses are 1,149 killed and wounded.   Confederate losses are 1,400 killed, wounded, and missing. ^{Long 564-565}

September 2, 1864.   Altlanta, GA:   Union troops under Maj. Gen. Sherman occupy Atlanta as the Confederate army under Gen. Hood regroups at Lovejoy Station. ^{Long 565}

September 6, 1864.   Annapolis, Maryland:   A convention adopts a new constitution abolishing slavery. ^{Long 567}

September 7, 1864.   Atlanta, GA:   Maj. Gen. Sherman orders the evacuation of Atlanta by its 446 remaining families of 1,600 people because he is unable to feed them and his army.   They will leave between September 11 and 20, leaving behind most of their possessions.   Outrage over this order is to no avail. ^{Long 567}

September 16, 1864.   Sycamore Church, VA: Confederate and Union forces battle.   Union losses are 400 killed, wounded, and captured.   Confederate losses are 50 killed and wounded.

September 19, 1864.   Winchester, VA: (Opequon Creek)   The 40,000-strong Union army under Maj. Gen. Philip Henry Sheridan continue to pursue the 12,000-strong Confederate army under Lt. Gen. Jubal Anderson Early battle in the Shenandoah Valley and Early is forced to withdrawn south along the pike.   Union losses are 697 killed, 2,983 wounded, and 338 missing.   Confederate losses are 276 killed, 1,827 wounded, 1,818 missing or captured. ^{Long 571}

September 22, 1864.   Fisher's Hill, VA:   Sheridan's Union army continue to battle and force the retreat of Early's Confederate army in the Shenandoah Valley.   Union losses are 8 killed, 153 wounded, 1 missing.   Confederate losses are estimated to be 1,235, 1000 of which are captured.   Under Lt. Gen. Grant's order, Sheridan in the coming days will burn barns, crops and railroads to destroy this region as a southern granary. ^{Long 573-574}

September 28 & 30, 1864.   New Market Heights, VA: (Laurel Hill)   Sheridan's army continues to push back Early's army in the Shenandoah Valley.   Union losses are 400 killed, 2,029 wounded.   Confederate losses are 2,000 killed and wounded.

September 29 - October 2, 1864.   Peeble's Farm, VA:   To the west of Petersburg, 16,000 Union troops under Maj. Gen. George Gordon Meade increase their encirclement of the city and take the South Side Railroad.   Union losses are 187 killed, 900 wounded, 1,802 missing or captured. ^{Long 575-576}

September 29 - 30, 1864.   Fort Harrison, VA: (Chaffin's Farm)   This important Confederate fort protecting Richmond is captured by a Union division under Brig. Gen. George Jerrison Stannard.   Confederates unsuccessfully attempt to recapture the fort.   Union losses are 383 killed, 2,299 wounded, 645 missing.   Confederate losses are unknown. ^{Long 575-576}

September 30 - October 1, 1864.   Poplar Springs Church, VA:   Union forces battle Confederate forces under Lt. Gen. Ambrose Powell Hill.   Union losses are 187 killed, 900 wounded, 1,802 missing.   Confederate losses are 800 killed and wounded, 100 missing.

October 5, 1864.   Allatoona, GA:   This small town of 6 to 8 houses contains considerable Union supplies, so it is threatened by Confederate forces under Lt. Gen. John Bell Hood.   Its garrison of 900 men under Colonel J. E. Tourtellote is reinforced by 1,084 troops under Brig. Gen. John M. Corse.   They are attacked by 2,000 Confederate troops under Maj. Gen. Samuel Gibbs French, who are repulsed.   Union losses are 142 killed, 352 wounded, 212 missing.   Confederate losses 127 killed, 456 wounded, 290 missing. ^{eHistory n.p.}

October 13, 1864.   Maryland: Voters adopt a new constitution that includes the abolition of slavery. ^{Long 583}

October 15, 1864.   Glasgow, MO:   Union forces are attacked and defeated by Conferates under Maj. Gen. Sterling Price.   Union losses are 400 wounded and missing.   Confederate losses are 50 killed and wounded. ^{Miller 338}

October 19, 1864.   Cedar Creek, VA: (Belle Grove)   Three main forces of Lt. Gen. Early attack and surprise Union forces and drive them back.   Maj. Gen. Sheridan rallies them and forces the Confederates to withdraw to the south.   Union losses are 644 killed, 3,430 wounded, 1,591 captured or missing.   Confederate losses are 320 killed, 1,540 wounded, 1,030 missing. ^{Long 585}

October 23, 1864.   Westport, MO:   About 20,000 Union troops and about 9,000 Confederate troops clash for what is the largest engagement west of the Mississippi River.   Union forces prevail and Confederates retreat.   Estimated losses are 1,500 for each side. ^{Houghton n.p.}

October 31, 1864.   Washington: Nevada enters the Union as the 36th state by presidential proclamation. ^{Long 591}

November 8, 1864.   Union States: Republican Pres. Lincoln, with Andrew Johnson of Tennessee as Vice-President, is reelected, defeating Democrat Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan, running with George H. Pendleton of Ohio.

November 14, 1864.   Washington: Pres. Lincoln accepts the resignation of Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan's military commission. ^{Long 596}

November 15, 1864.   Atlanta, GA:   Maj. Gen. Sherman's army begins its famous "March to the Sea", after destroying all production facilities in and around Atlanta so that they could not be reused by the Confederacy.   He will head east and south with 4 force groups, but receive little opposition. ^{Long 596-597}

November 29, 1864.   Sand Creek, Colorado Territory:   In response to Indian depredations, 900 volunteers from Denver under Col. J. M. Chivington massacre about 500 Arapahoe and Cheyenne men, women and children.   These Indians had earlier protested their innocence.   The Federal government will later condemn the massacre and indemnify survivors. ^{Long 602}

November 29 - 30, 1864.   Spring Hill & Franklin, TN:   The Confederate army under Lt. Gen. John Bell Hood marching through Tennessee finally attack the army under Maj. Gen. John McAllister Schofield   The Union force retreats to Nashville, followed by the Confederates.   Union losses are 189 killed, 1,033 wounded, 1,104 missing.   Confederate losses are 1,750 killed, 3,800 wounded, 702 missing. ^Long

November 30, 1864.   Honey Hill, SC: (Grahamsville)   Georgia militia under Maj. Gen. Gustavus Woodson Smith defeat an attacking Union force, part of the army under Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman.   Union losses are 91 killed, 631 wounded.   Confederate losses are 8 killed, 42 wounded. ^{Long 603-604}

December 6 - 9, 1864.   Deveaux's Neck, SC:   Union and Confederate troops battle.   Union losses are 39 killed, 390 wounded, 200 missing.   Confederate losses are 400 killed and wounded.

December December 7 - 11, 1864.   Weldon Railroad Expedition:   Union and Confederate troops battle.   Union losses are 100 killed and wounded.   Confederate losses are unknown.

December 8 - 9, 1864.   Hatcher's Run, VA:   Union and Confederate troops battle.   Union losses are 125 killed and wounded.   Confederate losses are unknown.

December 10 - 21, 1864.   Savannah, GA:   10,000 Confederate troops under Lt. Gen. William Joseph Hardee retreat from the city across the Savannah River into South Carolina on the 20th. The Union army under Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman occupies the city on the 21st.   Union losses are 200 killed and wounded.   Confederate losses are 800 killed, wounded and missing. ^{Long 608-613}

December 13, 1864.   Fort McAllister, GA:   The Union army under Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman is badly in need of supplies.   He needs to capture this fort on the Ogeechee River below Savannah from which Union ships can resupply his force.   Therefore, Union troops under Brig. Gen. William Babcock Hazen are ordered to capture the fort defended by 230 men under Maj. G W Anderson, which they accomplish.   Union losses are 24 killed, 110 wounded.   Confederate losses are 48 killed and wounded, 200 missing. ^{ACW n.p.}

December 15 - 16, 1864.   Nashville, TN:   The Union army of 50,000 under Brig. Gen. George Henry Thomas who are defending the city under siege by the Confederate army of 30,000 under Lt. Gen. John Bell Hood reorganize, attack and defeat the Confederates.   Union losses are 387 killed, 2,558 wounded.   Confederate killed and wounded are about 1,500, while 4,500 are captured.   The Confederate Army of the Tennessee is now ineffective except for defense and retreats, pursued by Thomas' Army of the Cumberland. ^{Long 610-611}

December 17, 1864.   Franklin, TN:   As Lt. Gen. Hood's army retreats from Nashville, some Union troops and cavalry under Brig. Gen. James Harrison Wilson engage the Confederate rear guard and capture 1,800 wounded and sick troops as Hood continues to retreat. ^{Long 612}

December 24 - 25, 1864.   Fort Fisher, NC:   60 Union ships under Adm. David Porter bombard the fort in the Wilmington harbor under the command of Col. William Lamb.   The fort is useful in helping Confederate blockade runners.   Union troops under Maj. Gen. Benjamin Franklin Butler then make an unsuccessful attempt to storm the fort.   Union ships withdraw and the fort remains in Confederate hands.   Union losses are 8 killed, 38 wounded.   Confederate losses are 3 killed, 55 wounded, 280 prisoners.   The failure of the attack causes much consternation and finger-pointing in Washington. ^{Long 614 - 615}

January 9, 1865.   Nashville, TN:   The constitutional convention adopts an amendment abolishing slavery.   It will be ratified by the voters on February 22. ^{Long 621}

January 11 , 1865.   St. Louis, MO:   The constitutional convention adopts an ordinance abolishing slavery. ^{Long 622}

January 12 - 15, 1865.   Fort Fisher, NC: 59 Union vessels under Adm. Porter, with 627 guns, for 3 days bombard the fort at the entrance to the Cape Fear River.   Meanwhile, 8,000 Union troops under Brig. Gen. Alfred Howe Terry set up defensive positions north of the fort to forstall an attack by 6,000 Confederate troops nearby under Gen. Braxton Bragg.   The fort is assaulted and captured on the 15th.   Union losses are 184 killed, 749 wounded.   Confederate losses are 400 killed and wounded, 2,083 captured.   The last major blockade-running port, Wilmington, is now under Federal control. ^{Long 622-624}

January 31, 1865.   The 13th Amendment to the Constitution abolishing slavery is passed in the House of Representatives and will be sent to the states for ratification.

February 3, 1865.   Hampton Roads, VA:   Aboard the River Queen, Pres. Lincoln and Sec. of State Seward meet with 3 Confederate commissioners to discuss the fates of the two warring countries.   Pres. Lincoln said the full authority of the United States must be recognized by the rebelling states, which were not a nation.   He rejected a possible armistice and said the Confederacy must disband its troops.   The president said the courts would decide on property rights, although the slaves would be free under the pending 13th amendment.   He personally expected to be liberal with the Confederate states, but he could not guarrantee that from the U.S. Congress.   Nothing was accomplished by this meeting because the Union demanded unconditional restoration of the Union and the Confederacy wanted terms between two independent nations. ^{Long 633}

February 5 - 7, 1865.   Hatcher's Run, VA: (Dabney's Mills)   Lt. Gen. Grant moves the Union Second and Fifth Corps plus cavalry, a force of about 35,000, south and west to further the envelopment of Petersburg.   They meet with small opposition from Confederate Unions confronting them.   Union losses are 171 killed, 1,181 wounded, 186 missing.   Confederate losses are 1,200 killed and wounded. ^{Long 634}

February 6, 1865.   Richmond:   Pres. Davis appoints Maj. Gen. John C. Breckinridge Secretary of War, replacing James A. Seddon.   He also orders Gen. Robert E. Lee General-in-Chief of the Armies of the Confederate States, a position created previously by the Confederate Congress and approved by Pres. Davis on January 23.   Pres. Davis also submitted to Congress the results of the Hampton Roads commissioners. ^{Long 635}

February 7, 1865.   13th Amendment: Maine and Kansas approve the Thirteenth Amendment.   Delaware, a northern slave state, does not. ^{Long 635}

February 8, 1865.   13th Amendment:   Virginia unionists ratify the Thirteenth Amendment. ^{Long 637}

February 17, 1865.

Augusta, SC:   The mayor surrenders the city to Maj. Gen. Sherman's army as Confederate cavalry leave.   Federal prisoners and negroes are released.   That evening, reveling Union troops set several fires that burn the entire city to become an example of Union depredation.   In the following days, Sherman's army will destroy depots, public buildings, and warehouses considered to be of Confederate military use.

Charleston, SC:   Threatened by overwhelming forces under Maj. Gen. Sherman, Confederate troops evacuate the city.   It will be surrendered to Union troops by the mayor on the following day.

Washington:   The Senate votes to repudiate all debts of the Confederate governments. ^{Long 639-640}

February 21, 1865.   Wilmington, NC:   Facing an overwhelming Union army, Confederate troops fire the supplies they cannot carry and evacuate the city.   Union troops enter the city unopposed on the following day. ^{Long 641-642}

March 1, 1865.   13th Amendment:   Wisconsin ratifies the Thirteenth Amendment.   New Jersey, a slave state, does not. ^{Long 645}

March 2, 1865.   Waynesborough, VA:   A 5,000 strong Union cavalry under Brig. Gen. George Armstrong Custer defeats the remnants of Lt. Gen. Jubal Anderson Early's army in the last battle of the Shenandoah Valley.   Dead and wounded are are unknown.   1,603 Confederates and about 200 wagons are captured.   Early retreats to Richmond.   Maj. Gen. Sheridan's cavalry move toward Charlottesville, VA. ^{Long 645}

March 8 - 10, 1865.   Kinston, NC: (Wise's Forks, Wilcox's Bridge)   Several inconclusive battles occur between Confederates under Lt. Gen. Braxton Bragg and segments of Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman's Union army.   Union losses are 65 killed, 379 wounded, 953 missing.   Confederate losses 1,500 killed, wounded and missing. ^Long

March 13, 1865.   Richmond:   Pres. Davis signs the law allowing Negroes to enter the Confederate armed forces.   Although not stated, it was understood that Negroes who fought would be freed by the states.   The law was not of much value, although some Negroes were trained and appeared in Richmond. ^{Long 651}

March 16, 1865.   Averasborough, NC: (Taylor's Hole)   Confederate troops under Lt. Gen. William Joseph Hardee delay Union troops under Maj. Gen. Henry Warner Slocum who are advancing toward Goldsborough.   The Confederates retreat toward Smithfield.   Union losses are 93 killed, 531 wounded.   Confederate losses are 108 killed, 540 wounded, 217 missing. ^{Long 652-653}

March 19 - 21, 1865.   Bentonville, NC:   Confederate troops under Lt. Gen. William Joseph Hardee, Maj. Gen. Alexander Peter Stewart, and Maj. Gen. Daniel Harvey Hill attack segments of the army of Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman, but are forced to retreat after hard fighting.   Union losses are 191 killed, 1,168 wounded, 287 missing.   Confederate losses are 239 killed, 1,694 wounded, 673 missing. ^{Long 654-655}

March 25, 1865.   Fort Stedman, Petersburg, VA: Confederate troops under Maj. Gen. John Brown Gordon attack and capture the fort and surrounding trenches, but they are thrown back in a Union counterattack.   Union losses are 70 killed, 424 wounded, 523 captured.   Confederate losses are 800 killed and wounded, 1,881 missing and captured.   Union losses in the nearby trenches are 103 killed, 864 wounded, 209 missing.   Union losses are 834 captured and an unknown number killed and wounded. ^{Long 657}

March 26 - April 9, 1865.   Mobile, AL: The siege of the city by Union troops and ships culminates in its surrender.   Union losses are 213 killed, 1,211 wounded.   Confederate losses are 500 killed and wounded, 3,000 to 4,000 captured. ^Long

March 29, 1865.   Quaker & Boydton Roads, VA:   Union and Confederate troops engage in an inconclusive battle.   Union losses are 55 killed, 306 wounded.   Confederate losses are 135 killed, 400 wounded, 100 missing. ^{Long 659}

March 31, 1865.   Boydton & White Oak Roads, VA:   Union and Confederate troops engage in an inconclusive battle.   Union losses are 177 killed, 1,134 wounded, 556 missing.   Confederate losses are 1,000 killed, 235 missing.

Dinwiddie Court House, VA:   Union and Confederate troops engage in an inconclusive battle.   Union losses are 67 killed, 354 wounded.   Confederate losses are 400 killed and wounded. ^{Long 660}

April 1, 1865.   Five Forks, VA:   This far right flank of the Confederate defenses of Petersburg is vital for maintaining a line of retreat to Richmond as Lt. Gen. Grant's strategy is to continue moving west around the Confederate defenses to force a thinning of their defense lines.   Late in the afternnon, Maj. Gen. Sheridan's cavalry and Maj. Gen. Gouverneur Kemble Warren's Fifth Corps attacked and defeated the Confederate defenders.   The Confederates are now almost encircled south of the Appomattox River and the Union army is close to the South Side Railroad, a vital retreat and supply route between Petersburg and Richmond.   Union losses are 124 killed, 706 wounded.   Confederate losses are unknown. ^{Long 661-662}

April 2, 1865.

Petersburg, VA:   Union forces attack and carry almost all parts of the Petersburg defense lines.   Forts Baldwin and Gregg on the inner lines are held by the Confederates, so Gen. R. E. Lee has sufficient time to retreat with the Confederate army from Richmond.   The destination is Amelia Court House 40 miles west of Richmond.   Pres. Davis, his family, and most of his cabinet leave by special train to Danville.   Cotton, tobacco and military stores are set afire and soon rage out of control.   Shells exploded and the city becomes an inferno.   Union troops enter Petersburg and Richmond on the following day when they capture 6,000 more prisoners.  Union losses are 296 killed, 2,565 wounded, 500 missing.   Confederate losses are unknown, but about 3,000 are captured.

Selma, AL:   12,000 Union troops under Brig. Gen. James Harrison Wilson attack the defenders and capture the city after several earlier engagements with Lt. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest's Confederate cavalry.   Union losses are 42 killed, 270 wounded, 7 missing.   Confederate losses are unknown, but 2,700 are captured. ^{Long 663-664}

April 6, 1865.   Sayler's Creek, VA:   Union troops under Brig. Gen. Horatio Gouverneur and Maj. Gen. Philip Henry Sheridan defeat Confederate troops under Lt. Gen. Richard Stoddert Ewell.   Union losses are 166 killed, 1,014 wounded.   Confederate losses are about 6,000 killed, wounded, and captured. ^{Long 667,668}

April 7, 1865.

Farmville & High Bridge, VA:   Confederate troops beat back Union attacks, but the engagements further delay Gen. R. E. Lee's retreat along the Appomattox River.   Union losses are 571 killed, 71 wounded and missing.   Confederate losses are unknown.

Thirteenth Amendment   The state ratifies the 13th Amendment. ^{Long 668,669}

April 8 - 9, 1865.   Appomattox Court House, VA :   Surrounded by Union forces, Confederates attempt to break through but fail.   Union losses are 200 killed and wounded.   Confederate losses are 300 killed and wounded.   In the early afternoon, Lee surrenders the Army of Northern Virginia, 27,805 troops, to the Army of the Potomac and the Army of the James under Grant. ^{Long 669,670}

April 14, 1865.   Washington:   While sitting in the presidential box at Ford's Theater, Pres. Lincoln is fatally wounded a little after 10:00 p.m. by actor John Wilkes Booth.   He will die at 7:22 a.m. on the following day and V.P. Andrew Johnson will take the presidential oath of office. ^{Long 675,677}

April 26, 1865.   Durham Station, NC :   Gen. Johnston surrenders the Army of the Tennessee and other units, 31,243 troops, to the Army of Tennessee, the Army of Georgia, and the Army of the Ohio under Sherman. ^{Long 682}

May 4, 1865.

Citronelle, AL:   Gen. Richard Taylor surrenders the Department of Alabama, Mississippi, and East Louisiana, 42,293 troops, to Maj. Gen. E. R. S. Canby.

Springfield, IL:   Abraham Lincoln is buried. ^{Long 685}

May 10, 1865.

Irwinville, GA:   Pres. Davis, his wife, and other cabinet members are captured.   Thus, the Confederate government ceases to exist. ^Long

May 12, 1865.   Palmitto Ranch, TX: At Palmitto Ranch, northern troops under Col. Theodore H. Barrett surround the confederate encampment.   The following day, they drive away southern resistance.   Later in the day, confederate troops led by Col. John S. Ford attack and force the northerners to withdraw.   The Battle of Palmitto Ranch is the last significant land battle of the war. ^{Long 688}

May 13, 1865.   Marshall, TX: The Confederate governors of Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana meet to advise Gen. Edmund Kirby Smith, overall commander of Trans-Mississippi troops, to surrender.   Brig. Gen. Joseph Orville "Jo" Shelby and others threaten to arrest him unless he continues the war. ^{Long 688}

May 26, 1865.   New Orleans, LA: Lt. Gen. Simon Bolivar Buckner, acting for Gen. E. K. Smith, surrenders all Confederate forces west of the Mississippi to Maj. Gen. Peter J. Osterhaus, acting for Maj. Gen. E. R. S. Canby.   This is the last army to surrender.   Some of the troops, including part of Jo Shelby's command, refuse to surrender and scatter to Mexico, the Far West, or home. ^{Long 690}

May 17, 1865.   Gen. Philip Sheridan is appointed commander of the district west of the Mississippi and south of the Arkansas River.   Because of his large destruction in the Shenandoah Valley, he meets with considerable southern resistance. ^{Bowman 268}

May 19, 1865.   In Cuba, the CSS Stonewall surrenders to federal offiicials in Havana harbor. ^{Bowman 268}

May 22, 1865.   Pres. Johnson declares that as of July 1, all southern seaports except four in Texas will be opened for trade.   Also, all restrictions on civilian trade east of the Mississippi River will be lifted except for war contraband. ^{Bowman 268}

May 24, 1865.   In Rocheport, Missouri, federal troops continue to pursue Confederate guerrilla bands. ^{Bowman 268}

May 27, 1865.   With a few exceptions, Pres. Johnson releases all Confederate prisoners held in military prisons. ^{Bowman 269}

May 29, 1865.   With a few exceptions involving large property owners and holders of high rank in the civilian and military Confederate government, who must apply individually, Pres. Johnson issues a general amnesty to all Confederates.   After an oath of allegiance to the Union, all property except slaves will be fully restored. ^{Bowman 269}

June 2, 1865.   In Texas, Gen. Edmund Kirby Smith surrenders the last large Confederate force to Gen. Edward Canby.   Some of the troops under Gen. Jo Shelby cross over the border to Mexico, hoping to resume the war. ^{Bowman 269}

Galveston, TX:   The last Confederate naval base surrenders. ^{Schles 294}

June 6, 1865.   Pres. Johnson offers amnesty to all prisoners of war who take an oath that they never fought against the Union voluntarily.   Once the oath is taken, they are released. ^{Schles 294}

June 23, 1865.   In the Oklahoma Territory, Cherokee Brig. Gen. Watie surrenders a battalion of Indians, the last of the Confederate troops.   However, the Confederate raider, CSS Shenandoah continues to capture Union whalers in the Bering Sea. ^{Bowman 269}