Computation and Reproduction

Introduction

Writing, counting, computing, recording and duplicating required much tedious manual effort throughout history, so from the earliest times innovative people turned their attention to possible ways to reduce the time spent on these laborious tasks.   The results were a series of inventions, such as computers, printers, typewriters, cameras and copiers that took much of the time and pain away from such tasks.   These inventions reduced recording, computing, and accounting costs, and lowered prices on all goods and services to increase living standards.